Concrete boss anchor

ABSTRACT

An anchor assembly for being embedded in concrete includes a metal plate including an opening, the metal plate including a top surface and bottom surface; the opening including a wall extending from the top surface or the bottom surface; and a threaded rod operably attached to the metal plate.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a divisional application of nonprovisional application Ser. No.16/417,021, filed May 20, 2019, claiming the priority benefits ofProvisional Application Serial Nos. 62/673,425, filed May 18, 2018 and62/678,944, filed May 31, 2018, all of which are hereby incorporated byreference.

This application is also related to application Ser. No. 15/429,345,filed Feb. 10, 2017, hereby incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is generally directed to an anchor embedded in aconcrete structure for transferring load to the concrete structure andfor concrete reinforcement.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Concrete embedded anchors are known in the prior art. Examples ofconcrete anchors are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,806,835, 8,943,777,9,062,452, 9,097,001, 9,222,251, 9,416,530, 9,447,574 and 9,567,741,hereby incorporated by reference. These anchors are embedded in concretestructures, such as concrete foundations, concrete slabs, concrete wallsand concrete columns and connected to a hold down system to reinforce abuilding wall against forces generated by earthquakes and/or high winds.Examples of hold down systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,161,350,7,762,030, 8,136,318, 8,380,470, 8,511,019, 9,097,000, 9,097,001,9,447,574 and 9,874,009, hereby incorporated herein by reference. Otherexamples of hold down systems are disclosed in applicant's applicationserial No. 62/641,142 and Ser. No. 15/265,613, hereby incorporatedherein by reference.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to concrete embedded anchor bodies andanchor assemblies using components with boss openings.

The present invention provides an anchor for being embedded in concrete,comprising a metal plate including an opening, the metal plate includinga top surface and bottom surface; and the opening including a wallextending from the top surface or the bottom surface.

The present invention provides an anchor assembly for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a metal plate including an opening, the metal plateincluding a top surface and bottom surface; the opening including a wallextending from the top surface or the bottom surface; and a threaded rodoperably attached to the metal plate.

The present invention provides an anchor assembly for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a metal support including a base with a threadedfirst opening, the base including a top side and bottom side; the firstopening including a first wall extending from the base; and a threadedrod attached to the first opening.

The present invention provides a holder for a plurality of threadedrods, comprising a base wall including a top side and a bottom side; thebase wall including a plurality of threaded openings for holding aplurality of threaded rods, each of the openings including a wallextending from the top side; and the openings are arranged in a pattern.

The present invention provides a stud rail for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a longitudinal metal base including a plurality ofopenings, the base including a top surface and bottom surface; each ofthe openings including a wall extending from the top surface; and aplurality of threaded rods attached to the respective openings.

The present invention provides a stud rail assembly for being embeddedin concrete, comprising a longitudinal first metal plate including aplurality of first openings, the first metal plate including a first topsurface and a first bottom surface; each of the first openings includinga first wall extending from the first top surface or the first bottomsurface; a plurality of first threaded rods attached to the respectivefirst openings; a longitudinal second metal plate including a pluralityof second openings, the second metal plate including a second topsurface and a second bottom surface; each of the second openingsincluding a second wall extending from the second top surface or thesecond bottom surface; a plurality of second threaded rods attached tothe respective second openings; and the first metal plate is disposedtransversely over the second metal at an intersection.

The present invention provides an anchor assembly for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a first metal plate including a plurality of firstthreaded openings, the first metal plate including a top surface andbottom surface; a second metal plate intersecting the first metal plateat a 90° angle, second metal plate including a plurality of secondthreaded openings, the second metal plate including a top surface andbottom surface; each of the first threaded openings including a firstwall extending from the first metal plate; each of the second threadedopenings including a second wall extending from the second metal plate;a plurality of threaded rods attached to the respective first threadedopenings and second threaded openings; and an anchor disposed inside the90° angle and a threaded rod attached to the anchor.

The present invention provides an anchor assembly for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a first geometric ring plate including a pluralityof first openings, the first geometric ring plate including a topsurface and bottom surface; a plurality of first threaded rods attachedto the respective first openings; and an anchor disposed inside thefirst geometric ring plate and a second threaded rod attached to theanchor.

The present invention provides an anchor assembly for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a circular ring plate including a plurality offirst openings; a plurality of first threaded rods attached to therespective first openings; a hollow cylindrical member disposed abovethe circular ring plate, cylindrical member having a side wall, top walland bottom wall, the cylindrical member having an opening through thebottom wall and the top wall, the cylindrical member being attached tothe threaded rods; and an anchor is disposed inside the cylindricalmember and a second threaded rod is attached to the anchor.

The present invention provides a stud wall, comprising a bottom platedisposed over a concrete structure; a rod anchored in the concretestructure, the rod including a threaded end portion extending throughthe bottom plate; a bearing plate including a threaded opening attachedto the threaded end portion, the bearing plate including a top surfaceand bottom surface; and the threaded opening including a wall extendingfrom the bearing plate.

The present invention provides a stud wall, comprising a metal channelrecessed into a concrete structure, the metal channel including a basewall including a plurality of threaded openings, each of the openingsincluding a wall extending from the base wall; a bottom plate disposedover the metal channel; a plurality of rods anchored in the concretestructure, the rods including respective threaded end portions attachedto respective openings; a plurality of screws attaching the bottom plateto the metal channel.

The present invention provides a stud wall, comprising a metal channelrecessed into a concrete structure, the metal channel including a basewall including a plurality of threaded openings, each of the openingsincluding a wall extending from the base wall; a bottom plate disposedin the metal channel; and a plurality of screws attaching the bottomplate to the metal channel and the concrete structure.

The present invention provides a stud wall, comprising a metal channelrecessed into a concrete structure, the metal channel including a bottomwall; a bottom plate disposed inside the channel; a coupler attached tothe bottom wall; a first rod anchored in the concrete structure, the rodincluding a threaded first end portion attached to the coupler; a secondrod extending through the bottom plate, the second rod including athreaded second end attached to the coupler and a threaded third endextending above the second bottom plate; and a nut attached to the thirdend for attaching the second rod to the bottom plate.

The present invention provides an anchor assembly for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a hollow metal member including a base portionhaving a top surface and bottom surface, the metal member including afirst opening in the base portion; the first opening including a firstwall extending from the base portion; a first plug supporting the metalmember above a formboard, the first plug including a first base portionand a first stem portion extending from the base portion, the first stemportion being threaded into the first opening.

The present invention provides an anchor assembly for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a hollow metal member including a base portion, thebase portion including a top surface and bottom surface, the metalmember including a first opening in the base portion; a first plugsupporting the metal member, the first plug including a first baseportion and a second stem portion extending from the first base portion,the first stem portion extending through the opening; and a firstthreaded body attached to the first stem portion.

The present invention provides an anchor assembly for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a hollow metal member including a base portion withan inside surface and an outside surface, the hollow metal member wallincluding a first opening; the first opening including a first wallextending from the bottom surface, the wall including an outer edge forpressing onto a formboard when the hollow metal member is attached tothe formboard; and a cover disposed inside the hollow metal member overthe first opening to seal the first opening from wet concrete.

The present invention provides an anchor assembly for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a hollow metal member including a base portion withan inside surface and an outside surface, the hollow metal member wallincluding a first opening and a second opening; the first openingincluding a first wall extending from the bottom surface; the secondopening including a second wall extending from the inside surface; aninsert supporting the metal member above a formboard, the insert beingthreaded into the first opening, the insert including a first baseportion and a first stem portion extending from the first base portion,the first stem portion including a first central threaded opening; aplug supporting the metal member above a formboard, the plug including asecond base portion and a second stem portion extending from the secondbase portion, the second stem portion being threaded into the secondopening; and a cover disposed inside the hollow metal member over thefirst opening to seal the first opening from wet concrete.

The present invention provides an anchor assembly for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a hollow metal member including a base portion, thebase portion including a top surface and bottom surface, the metal plateincluding an opening in the base portion; the opening including a wallextending from the top surface, the opening including a collar on thebottom surface around the opening, the collar for pressing against aformboard to seal the opening from below; and a cap covering the openingfrom above.

The present invention provides anchor assembly for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a hollow metal member including a base portion forlaying on a formboard, the base portion including a top surface andbottom surface; a foam extending from the top surface and between theside walls; and a screw attached to the base portion for securing a loadto the hollow metal member.

The present invention provides an anchor assembly for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a metal plate including a first opening, the metalplate including a top surface and bottom surface; the first openingincluding a first wall extending from the bottom surface; and c) a firstsupport for elevating the metal member above a formboard, the firstsupport including a first base portion and a first post portionextending from the first base portion, the first post portion includinga first end portion attached to the first opening.

The present invention provides an anchor assembly for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a hollow metal member including a base portionhaving a top surface and bottom surface, the metal plate including anopening in the base portion; a plug supporting the metal plate on aformboard, the plug including a base portion and a stem portionextending from the base portion, the stem portion extending through theopening above the top surface; an enclosure disposed over the openingand the stem portion, the enclosure is operably attached to the baseportion; and a bolt disposed inside the enclosure, the bolt including abottom end operably supported by the stem portion.

The present invention provides an anchor assembly for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a metal plate including a first opening and asecond opening, the metal plate including a top surface and bottomsurface; the first opening including a first wall extending from thebottom surface; a first threaded rod extending downwardly from the metalplate, the first threaded rod having one end being attached to the firstopening and a second end attached to a threaded body; the second openingis threaded for receiving an anchor rod; and a first plug including afirst base portion and a first stem portion extending from the firstbase portion, the first stem portion being threaded to the secondopening, the first plug being removable after from the concrete in whichthe anchor assembly is embedded to expose the second opening forattachment of the anchor rod.

The present invention provides an anchor assembly for being embedded inconcrete, comprising a first metal plate including a first opening and asecond opening, the first metal plate including a top surface and bottomsurface; a coupler disposed below the first opening, the couplerincluding a first end and a second end; a first plug including a firstbase portion and a first stem portion extending from the base portion,the first stem portion extending through the first opening beyond thebottom surface, the first stem portion including a threaded end portionattached to the first end of the coupler; a second plug attached to thesecond end of the coupler; and a second metal plate including a thirdopening, the second metal plate including a second top surface, thethird opening including a first wall extending from the second topsurface; and a threaded first rod having a third end attached to thesecond opening and a fourth end attached to the third opening.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1-5D illustrate an anchor body with a boss opening.

FIGS. 6-14 show several anchor assemblies for being embedded inconcrete.

FIGS. 15-28 show several anchor assemblies for being embedded inconcrete using sheet metal holders or supports for threaded rods.

FIGS. 29-32 show several anchor assemblies for being embedded inconcrete, using thick metal holders or supports for threaded rods wherethe holders also function as anchor bodies.

FIGS. 33-43 show several anchor assemblies for being embedded inconcrete, using holders or supports with multiple threaded openings fora plurality of threaded rods.

FIGS. 44-63 show several stud rail assemblies embedded in concrete.

FIGS. 64-88 show several anchor assemblies for being embedded inconcrete, using stud rail assemblies for reinforcement.

FIGS. 89-106 show several systems for anchoring a sill or bottom plateto a concrete structure, such as a concrete foundation or concrete slab.

FIGS. 107-122 show several anchor assemblies embedded in concrete, usingmetal channels with threaded boss openings that are accessible fromoutside the concrete structure for attachment of threaded rods.

FIGS. 123-126 show several anchor assemblies embedded in concrete, usingtubular channels with threaded boss openings that are accessible fromoutside the concrete structure for attachment of threaded rods.

FIGS. 127-133 show anchor assemblies embedded in concrete embedded,using C-channel, I beam and double-I beam structures with threaded bossopenings that are accessible for attachment of threaded rods.

FIGS. 134-139 show anchor assemblies embedded in concrete using tubularchannels with threaded boss openings that are sealed from concreteincursion when embedded in concrete.

FIGS. 140-145 show anchor assemblies embedded in concrete.

FIGS. 146A-148B show several anchor assemblies embedded in concreteusing a metal plate with multiple threaded rods with one or morethreaded boss openings that are accessible from outside the concretestructure for attachment of threaded rods.

FIGS. 149A-151C show several anchor assemblies embedded in concreteusing a coupler whose opening is accessible from outside the concretestructure for attachment of a threaded rod.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

FIG. 1 shows an anchor body 2 formed from a metal flat plate or bar.Through form drilling, friction heats up, softens and displaces materialthrough the thickness of the plate, forming an opening 3 through theplate with a boss section 4 as one piece with the base section 6. Theboss section 4 is a wall around the opening 3 that extends from the topsurface 5 or bottom surface 7 of the base section 6. Tapered thread 8inside the boss opening 3 is made by form threading. A radius 10 isprovided where the boss section meets the base section. The boss section4 is tapered and circular in cross-section. When threaded, the opening 3may be referred to as a threaded boss opening.

FIG. 2 shows the anchor body 2 of FIG. 1 with straight thread 12. Thebase section 6 at the bottom of the boss section makes a 1:1 ratio withthe thickness of the base section. However, it should be understood thatthe extent of the base width from the bottom of the wall 4 may be largerthan the thickness of the plate, as will be shown throughout thisdisclosure. The anchor body is a single piece anchor, the threadedportion and the bearing portion being in one piece. The anchor body 2works with the boss section 4 facing any direction, either toward oraway from the direction of the load. The anchor 2 advantageouslyprovides the thread 12 to be long enough to create the required threadbearing area without increasing the thickness of the base section 6. Theanchor body 2 advantageously provides thread engagement length greaterthan the thickness of the base section 6.

FIG. 3 shows an anchor body formed from form drilling and formthreading, as in the anchor 2. The wall or boss section 16 isnon-circular in cross-section and is not tapered. A right angletransition (no radius) is formed at the corner of the boss section andthe base section 6. Straight thread 12 is formed from form threading.

FIG. 4 shows an anchor body 18 similar to the anchor 2 but with reversetapered thread 20.

FIGS. 5A-5C show the anchor body 2 with straight thread 12 attached to athreaded rod 22, which is subjected to tensile force. The thin wallportion 24 tends to spread radially outwardly, decreasing the area ofengagement of the thread 12 with threaded rod 22.

FIG. 5D shows the thin wall portion 24 being subject to compressionforce within the concrete 23 toward the threaded rod due to the taperedshape of the boss section 4, thereby maintaining full contact of thethread 12 with the threaded rod 22.

Referring to FIG. 6 , an anchor assembly 26 is disclosed. The anchorbody 2 without the thread 12 (see FIG. 2 ) is attached to an end portion28 of a threaded rod 30, a hex nut 32 above the anchor body 2 andanother hex nut 32 below. Both hex nuts 32 are threaded to the rod 30and bear on the anchor body 2. The threaded rod 30 may be replaced witha rebar (see FIG. 7 ) with a threaded end. In use, the end portion 28 ofthe rod 30, along with the anchor body 2 and the hex nuts 32 areembedded in concrete. The other end portion 34 may be connected outsidethe concrete to a load, such as a base plate of a stud wall, a hold downsystem, such as disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,943,777,9,874,009, 9,097,000 and 8,511,019, hereby incorporated herein byreference, or inside the concrete to rebars or other reinforcing steel.

Referring to FIGS. 7-10 , an anchor assembly 36 is disclosed. The anchorbody 2 is threaded to an end portion 38 of a rod 40, such as a rebar(reinforcing bar) used in reinforcing concrete. The boss section 4 isdirected to an opposite end of the rod 40. The anchor body 2 may havethe tapered thread 8 of the straight thread 12. The end portion 38 iscorrespondingly, threaded with a tapered thread or straight thread. Theend portion 38 is provided with sufficient amount of thread so that itwill engage completely with the thread of the anchor body 2, with thebottom 42 of the rod flush with the bottom 44 of the anchor 2 as shownin FIG. 9 , or extend beyond the bottom as shown in FIG. 10 . Completeengagement of the thread of the anchor body 2 advantageously provides astrong connection with the rod 40.

Referring to FIG. 11 , the rod 40 is shown as the threaded rod 30. Theanchor assembly 26 or 36 may be positioned in place prior to concretepouring by attaching to rebars 46 with tie wires 48.

Referring to FIG. 12 , a holder or support 50 is used to position theanchor body 2 with the threaded rod 30 or the rebar on a surface of aconcrete form prior to concrete pouring. The support 50 is disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 8,943,777, hereby incorporated herein by reference. Thesupport 50 is preferably molded plastic with a central threaded opening(not shown) into which the end of the rod 30 that extends beyond thebottom of the anchor body 2 thread. The support 50 elevates the bottomend of the rod 30 above the concrete formboard to seal the anchor body 2in the concrete for corrosion protection. The support 50 includes a base49 and a number of legs 51. The anchor body 2 functions both as a nut tostabilize the rod 30 to the support 50 and as an anchor.

Referring to FIG. 13 , a U-shaped holder or support 52 preferably madeof sheet metal with a base 54, legs 56 and feet 58. The anchor body 2 isdisposed on a top side of the base 54 with the boss section 4 pointingupwardly. The rod 30 extends through an unthreaded opening in the base54 and held in place by a plastic nut 60, such as one disclosed in U.S.Pat. No. 8,806,835, hereby incorporated herein by reference. The nut 60ensures complete engagement of the rod 30 with the threaded boss opening3. The bottom end portion 55 of the rod 30 extends past the plastic nut60. Holes 62 in the feet 58 are for nails or screws used to attach thesupport to the form board.

Referring to FIG. 14 , the anchor body 2 is installed on the bottom sideof the base 54 of the support 52 with the boss section 4 pointingdownwardly away from the base 54. A hex nut 32 locks the rod 30 to thesupport 52 to prevent the rod 30 from turning while being attached to astructure such as a wall. The bottom end portion 55 of the rod 30 mayextend past the threaded boss section 4 to ensure complete threadengagement of the rod with the threaded boss opening 3.

Referring to FIGS. 15-17 , the anchor body 2 is incorporated in a holderor support 66. The support 66 includes a base 68, legs 70 and feet 72.The threaded boss opening 3 with the boss section 4 is disposed on abottom side of the base 68. The boss section 4 is directed downwardly.Nails 73 or screws for attaching the support 66 to a form board arecarried by the feet 72 through openings in the feet 72. The rod 30 isscrewed to the threaded boss section 4. The bottom end portion of therod may be flush with threaded boss section 4, as shown in FIG. 15 . Thesupport 66 advantageously provides the function of an anchor body andanchor rod holder. The bottom end portion 55 of the rod 30 may extendpast the threaded boss section 4. A hex nut 32 may be used to lock therod 30 to the support 66 and provide an additional anchor body.

Referring to FIGS. 18 and 19 , the support 66 shown in FIG. is modifiedas a holder or support 74 with the threaded boss section 4 disposed onthe top side of the base 68. The threaded boss section 4 is pointedupwardly so that when encased in concrete, the concrete will prevent itfrom spreading out when an upward load is applied to the rod 30 (seeFIG. 5D). The bottom end portion 55 may extend past the base 68 toensure complete thread engagement between the rod 30 and the threadedboss 4, as shown in FIG. 18 . A hex nut 32 may be used to lock the rod30 to the support 74 and provide an additional anchor body, as shown inFIG. 19 .

Referring to FIGS. 17 and 20-23 , the hex nut 32 may be replaced by ananchor body 2 with a square base section 6, as shown in FIG. 20 , or ananchor body 2 with a round base section 6, as shown in FIG. 21 , or ananchor body 2 with a hexagonal base section 6, as shown in FIG. 22 , maybe provided to the support 66 to provide an additional anchor body andto lock the rod 30 to the support 66. The rod 30 may be threaded only atthe end portions 76 and 78, with the middle portion being unthreaded.

Referring to FIG. 18 and FIG. 24 , a flat metal plate 82 with a centeropening 84 is disposed on the base 68 of the support 74 with the bosssection 4 extending through the opening 84 and the top 83 of the bosssection 4 being above the top surface 88 of the metal plate 82. Theopening 84 is cylindrical, providing a gap 86 between the wall of theopening 84 and the outside surface of the boss section 4. The metalplate 82 provides an additional anchor body.

Referring to FIG. 25 , the top surface 88 of the metal plate 82 is abovethe top 83 of the boss section 4. A hex nut 32 threaded to the rod 30bears against the metal plate 82 to secure the rod 30 in place andprevent the rod 30 from turning while being attached to a structure suchas a wall.

Referring to FIGS. 26 and 27 , the metal plate 82 includes an opening 90with a complementary shape to support the boss section 4. The topsurface 88 of the metal plate 82 is above the top 83 of the boss section4 as shown in FIG. 26 . The top surface 88 of the metal plate 82 isbelow the top 83 of the boss section 4 as shown in FIG. 27 .

Referring to FIG. 28 , a holder or support 92 includes a base 94 an legs96. The base 94 has a threaded opening with the boss section 4. The rod30 is threaded to the bossed opening. The hex nut 32 locks the rod 30 tothe support 92 to prevent the rod 30 from turning while being attachedto a structure such as a wall. The nails 73 extend through the base 94in respective holes.

Referring to FIGS. 29 and 30 , the support 92 may be made of thickermetal and configured to hold a single bolt or rod 30 or multiple boltsor rods 30 in a row.

Referring to FIGS. 31 and 32 , the support 66 shown in FIG. 17 may bemade of thicker metal and may be configured with a single or multiplebolts or rods 30 in a row.

Referring to FIG. 33 , the support 74 shown in FIG. 18 is modified as aholder or support 98 with multiple threaded boss openings 3 in apredetermined pattern to advantageously provide multiple configurationsfor the bolts or rods 30 in a single support. The support 98advantageously provides the proper spacing between the rods 30 requiredfor the specific application. The support has a base wall 100 withsufficient space for the multiple threaded boss holes 3 on the top sideof the base wall 100. The base wall 100 is preferably square. Thesupport 98 has side walls 102 to advantageously elevate the bottom ofthe rods 30 from the bottom of the resulting concrete structure toprevent exposure to the elements that can cause corrosion. A concretestructure may include a concrete foundation, a concrete slab, a concretecolumn, a concrete wall or any concrete structure for supporting a load.Bottom walls 104 extend transversely from the bottom portion of therespective side walls 102. The bottom walls 104 may be used to securethe support 98 to the formboard with nails through the holes 106. Inconstruction, it is well known that concrete forms are molds which areused to hold concrete in place while it hardens, ensuring that theconcrete sets in a specific shape. Formboards made of plywood or similarsheet material make up the concrete forms.

Referring to FIG. 34 , the support 98 shown in FIG. 33 may be modifiedby arranging the threaded boss openings 3 along concentric circles 108with four threaded boss openings 3 on each circle 108 arrangedpreferably equidistant from each other. The four openings 3 on eachcircle 108 preferably define the four corners of a square. Each squareis preferably rotated 45° about the center of the concentric circles 108in respect to its adjacent square. Four threaded boss openings 3 may lieon a diametrical line extending from the outermost circle to theinnermost circle. The top surface of the base wall 100 preferably hasmarkings 110, such as by stamping, showing the circumferences or tracesof the circles 108 and their corresponding radii.

Referring to FIG. 35 , the support 98 shown in FIG. 33 is modified assupport 112 with a threaded boss opening 3 located at central location114 and four threaded boss openings 3 at the corners 116 of the basewall 100. The anchor bolt or rod 30 is threaded to the threaded bossopening 3 at the central location 114. Anchor studs 118 are threaded tothe respective threaded boss openings 3 at the corners 116. The anchorstuds 118 preferably define the four corners of a square with the anchorbolt or rod 30 being at the center of the square. The anchor studs 118are disposed at the same distance to the central anchor bolt or rod 30.

Referring to FIG. 36 , the support 112 shown in FIG. 35 is modified assupport 126 wherein the threaded boss openings 3 for the anchor studsare displaced 45° about the central location 114 from locations shown inFIG. 36 . The studs 118 are preferably disposed at the same distance tothe central anchor bolt or rod 30. The top surface of the base wall 100preferably has markings 128, such as by stamping, showing the distancebetween the anchor studs 118 and the central anchor bolt or rod 30. Theopening 3 at the central location 114 may be of a larger diameter thanthe other openings.

Referring to FIG. 37 , the support 112 shown in FIG. 35 is modified asholder or support 127 with a central threaded boss opening 3 disposed atthe bottom of the base wall 100. An anchor metal plate 2 is disposed onthe top surface of the base wall 100 and threaded to the anchor bolt orrod 30. The anchor metal plate 2 advantageously locks the anchor bolt orrod 30 to the support 127 to prevent it from turning while the anchorbolt or rod 30 is being attached to the load or structure such as awall.

Each of the anchor studs 118 shown in FIGS. 35-37 includes a headportion 120 joined to a rod portion 122. The head portion 120 isdisposed at one of the rod portion 122. The other opposite end of therod portion 122 is threadedly attached to one of the threaded bossopenings 3 at the corner locations 116. The head portion 120 extendslaterally of the rod portion 122 to define a circumferential shoulder124 to resist a tension load on the anchor bolt or rod 30. The shoulder124 is preferably wedge-shaped in side view.

Referring to FIG. 38 , the support 112 shown in FIG. 35 is modified asholder or support 130 to accommodate multiple anchor bolts or rods 30.Stud bolts 132 are arranged in a square configuration centered aroundeach anchor bolt or rod 30. An anchor body 134 is threaded to one end ofeach stud bolt 132. The other end of each stud bolt 132 is threaded to arespective threaded boss opening 3. The anchor bodies 134 includes ahexagonal portion 136 and a cylindrical portion 138. The anchor bodies134 are available from Earthbound Corp., https://www.chubbysmack.com.The anchor bodies 134 are also disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 9,097,001.

Referring to FIG. 39 , the support 130 shown in FIG. 38 is modified assupport 140 with the threaded boss openings 3 for the anchor bolts orrods 30 disposed at the bottom of the base 100. Anchor metal plates 2are disposed on the top surface of the base wall 100 and threaded to therespective anchor bolts or rods 30. The anchor metal plates 2advantageously lock the respective anchor bolts or rods 30 to thesupport 140 to prevent them from turning while the anchor bolts or rods30 are being attached to the load or structure such as a wall.

Referring to FIG. 40 , the support 74 shown in FIG. 18 is modified asholder or support 142 to accommodate multiple anchor bolts or rods 30,which are arranged in a square configuration with each rod 30 defining acorner of the square. The support 142 advantageously provides the properspacing between the rods required for a specific application.

Referring to FIGS. 41 and 42 , a fixture plate 144 is provided topre-position the anchor studs 118 equidistant to each other and to theanchor bolt or rod 30. The plate 144 includes threaded boss openings 3for receiving the threaded ends of the anchor studs 118 and anchor boltor rod 30. The plate 144 is preferably square with openings 146 toadvantageously allow the wet concrete to flow below the plate 144 andprevent air pockets. A support 50, preferably made of plastic, elevatesthe plate 144 above the formboard. The support 50 includes a threadedcentral opening for receiving one end of the anchor bolt or rod 30.Nails 73 secure the support 50 to the formboard. The support 50 can beany configuration as long as it has a central threaded opening toreceive the bottom end portion of the anchor bolt or rod 30 and elevatesthe plate 144. For example, the support 66 shown in FIG. 16 , or thesupport 92 shown in FIG. 28 may be used. The embodiment of the support50 shown in FIG. 42 is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 8,943,777, herebyincorporated herein by reference.

A shear cone 150 is generated by the center boss section 4 attached tothe anchor bolt or rod 30 when the rod 30 is subjected to a tensionload. Shear cones 152 are generated by the head portions 120 of theanchor studs 118 to resist the concrete shear that is generated by thecentral boss section 4 associated with rod 30. Shear cones 154 aregenerated by the uplift forces on the anchor studs 118, creating alarger shear cone than the center anchor bolt or rod 30 alone by itself.

Referring to FIG. 43 , a metal fixture 156 is provided to pre-positionthe anchor studs 118 equidistant to each other and to the anchor bolt orrod 30. The fixture 156 has arms 158 radiating from a central portion160. Each arm 158 represent the radius of a circle, each radius beingspaced from the adjacent radius at the same angle. In the embodimentshown, the angle is 60°. The outer ends of the arms 158 are joined byconnecting arms 162 to form multiple triangles around the centralportion 160. Each arm has a plurality of evenly spaced threaded bossopenings 3 to advantageously provide for multiple anchor stud locations.While the embodiment shows one anchor stud per arm, more than one anchorstud may be provided on each arm, depending on the expected load and thestrength of the concrete. While the studs 118 are shown in the openings3 nearest to the central portion 160, it should be understood that theanchor studs 118 may be moved to the other threaded openings 3,depending on the specific load calculations.

A threaded boss opening 3 is also provided on the bottom of the centralportion 160, as shown in FIG. 23 , for threading to the rod 30.

Supports 164, preferably made of plastic, are provided to elevate thefixture 156 above the formboard. Each of the supports 164 includes athreaded central opening for receiving one end of the respective anchorstud 118. Nails may be used to secure the support 164 to the formboard.The support 164 can be any configuration as long as it has a centralthreaded opening to receive the bottom end portion of the anchor stud118 and elevates the fixture 156 above the formboard. For example, thesupport 66 shown in FIG. 16 , or the support 92 shown in FIG. 28 may beused. The embodiment of the support 164 shown in FIG. 43 is disclosed inU.S. Pat. No. 9,222,251, hereby incorporated herein by reference.

An anchor body 2 is used to lock the anchor bolt or rod 30 to thefixture 156 to prevent the rod 30 from turning while being attached to astructure such as a wall.

Referring to FIG. 44 , a stud rail 166 includes a longitudinal metalplate 168 provided with threaded boss openings 3 evenly spaced along thelength of the plate 168 with their respective boss sections 4 extendingupwardly from the top surface of the metal plate. Anchor studs 118 arethreaded to the respective threaded boss openings 3. The metal plate 168provides a base for holding the anchor studs 118. Stud rails aretypically used in concrete reinforcement to resist punching shear atslab-column connections in elevated slabs and foundation mat slabs.

Referring to FIGS. 45 and 46 , the stud rail 166 shown in FIG. 44 ismodified as stud rail 170. The anchor studs 118 are replaced with studbolts 132. Anchor metal plates 2 are threaded to one of each stud bolt132. The other end of each stud bolt 132 is threaded to the threadedboss openings 3 in the metal plate 168. The threaded boss openings 3 ofthe anchor plates 2 are directed upwardly away from the metal plate 168as shown in FIG. 45 and directed downwardly toward the metal plate 168as shown in FIG. 46 .

Referring to FIG. 47 , the stud bolts 132 instead of being all-thread asshown in FIG. 46 , the stud bolts 132 shown in FIG. 47 are threaded onlyat their end portions 172 with intermediate portions 174 beingunthreaded.

Referring to FIG. 48 , the anchor plates 2 are threaded to the endportion 172 until they reach the end of the thread of the end portions172. The end portions 172 are threaded so that all the thread of theboss openings 3 are engaged.

Referring to FIG. 49 , hex nuts 32 are used to lock the stud bolts 132to the plate 168 and the anchor plates 2 to the stud bolts 132.

Referring to FIG. 50 , the stud bolts 132 are threaded to the metalplate 168 so as to extend below the plate 168 in the same manner shownin FIG. 18 . The stud bolts 132 are also threaded to the anchor plates 2so as to extend above the anchor plates 2 in the same manner as shown inFIG. 10 . The plastic nuts 60 are threaded to the extending end portionsof the stud bolts 132 to advantageously lock the stud bolts 132 to theplate 168 and the anchor plate 2. The thread engagement of the plasticnuts 60 with the stud bolts 132 ensure that there is full threadengagement between the threaded boss openings 3 and the stud bolts 132.Nails 73 are used to attach the stud rail 170 to the formboard. Theplastic nuts 60 below the plate 168 advantageously elevate the plastic168 above the formboard so that the wet concrete is able to flowunderneath the plate 168 and seals it from the atmosphere that can causecorrosion.

Referring to FIG. 51 , the stud rail 170 shown in FIG. 45 is modified asstud rail 176 with a saw-tooth shaped metal plate 178 with alternatingbends 180, for example 90°. The plate 178 has ascending portions 182 anddescending portions 184. The descending portions 184 are provided withthreaded boss openings 3 with the boss sections 4 disposed below. Thestud bolts 132 threaded to the threaded boss openings 3 to position thestud bolts 132 at an angle with respect to the horizontal end portions186. The orientation of the stud bolts 132 will be dependent on thespecific application of concrete reinforcement. The bends 180 may bechanged to more or less than 90° to change the angle of the stud bolts132 with the horizontal end portions 186. The threaded boss openings 3in the plate 178 may also be changed so that the boss sections 4 are onthe top side of the descending portions 184. The threaded boss openings3 in the plate 178 may also be disposed in the ascending portions 182,depending on the desired angle of the stud bolts 132 with the horizontalend portions 186.

Referring to FIG. 52 , the stud rail 166 shown in FIG. 44 is modified asstud rail 188 with a C-shaped channel member 190. The member 190includes a base wall 192, side walls 194 and lip walls 196. Threadedboss openings 3 are provided in the base wall 192 with the boss sections4 extending outwardly.

Referring to FIG. 53 , the stud rail 188 is embedded in concrete 198.The ends of the channel member 190 are sealed with tapes 200 to preventthe wet concrete from flowing into the channel member 188. Square nuts202 are captured inside the channel member 190. Anchor bolts or rods 30are threaded to the square nuts 202. The square nuts 202 are slidablewithin the channel member 190 to advantageously adjust the positions ofthe anchor bolts or rods 30 prior to connection to a load.

Referring to FIG. 54 , the stud rail 188 shown in FIG. 52 is modified asstud rail 204. The channel member 190 is provided with another row ofanchor studs 118 along the side wall 194. The two rows of anchor studs118 are preferably 90° to each other. Threaded boss openings 3 areprovided on the side wall 194 with the respective boss sections 4disposed inside the channel member 190.

Referring to FIG. 55 , the stud rail 166 shown in FIG. 44 may beconfigured into a stud rail system 206. It should be understood that theother embodiments of the stud rails disclosed herein may be assembledinto a system as desired. Plastic supports 164 may be used to elevatethe system 206 above the formboard to seal the system 206 inside theconcrete structure and prevent exposure to the atmosphere that can causecorrosion. The lower longitudinal plates 208 where they cross the upperlongitudinal plates 210 are provided with threaded boss openings 3 withthe boss sections pointing downwardly as, for example, shown in FIG. 37to allow the anchor stud 118 to secure the plates 208 and 210 together.

Referring to FIGS. 56 and 57 , the stud rail system 206 is modified asstud rail system 207 with the upper plates 210 are bent at 212 so thatthe anchor studs 118 will be at the same level except for the fouranchor studs at the intersections of the upper plates 210 and the lowerplates 208. The anchor studs 118 extend below the plate 208 and 210 inthe same manner shown in FIG. 18 . Plastic supports 214 includerespective central blind holes 215 into which the extending end portions216 are threaded. The support 214 includes a conical body 218 disposedon a base 220 with conical side 222. The stud rail system 207 is shownembedded in concrete 224 with a bottom surface 226 defined by theformboard which has been removed. The supports 214 advantageouslyelevates the stud rail system 207 above the formboard to allow the freshconcrete to flow below the plates 210 and 212.

Referring to FIGS. 58 and 59 , the stud rail system 207 is modified asstud rail system 227 shown with supports 228 nailed to the formboard230. The support 228 includes a plug portion 232 for threaded connectionwith the threaded boss opening 3 in plates 208 and 210. The plug portion232 is attached to a base portion 233 with thinned portions 234 at theends of two semi-circular slits 235 that extend through the thickness ofthe base portion 233. The thinned portions 234 are configured to bebreakable when the formboard is separated from the cured concrete 224,thereby allowing the nails to remain with the formboard. The plugportion 232 remains attached to the stud rail system 227.

Referring to FIGS. 60 and 61 , the supports 228 are screwed to theplates 208 and 210 with screws 236 that do not penetrate the baseportion 233, keeping the stud rail system sealed in concrete.

Referring to FIG. 62 , a stud rail system 238 similar to the stud railsystem 206 is shown embedded in a concrete slab 240 above a concretecolumn 242. The use of the stud rail system 238 advantageouslyeliminates the need for column heads or drop panels to reinforce theslab to column connection to prevent column punch-through. The stud railsystem 238 is supported above the formboard by a support 244 similar inshape as the support 66 shown in FIG. 15 . The support 244 includes abase portion large enough to accommodate the area covered by theintersection of the lower longitudinal plates 208 and the upperlongitudinal plates 210.

Referring to FIG. 63 , a stud rail system 246 is made up of severalunits of the stud rail 170 shown in FIG. 46 . The stud rail system 246is shown embedded in a concrete slab 240 above a concrete column 242.The use of the stud rail system 246 advantageously eliminates the needfor column heads or drop panels to reinforce the slab to columnconnection to prevent column punch-through. The stud rail system 238 issupported above the formboard by the support 244 shown in FIG. 62 . Thesupport 244 includes a base portion large enough to accommodate the areacovered by the intersection of the lower longitudinal plates 208 and theupper longitudinal plates 210.

Referring to FIG. 64 , the stud rail 170 shown in FIG. 46 is configuredinto a geometric-shaped stud rail, such as L-shaped stud rail 248 toreinforce an edge or corner of a slab 240. The stud rail 248 has aplurality of stud bolts 132 attached to an L-shaped plate 250 providedwith threaded boss openings 3 with the boss section 4 on the top surfaceof the plate 250. Anchor plates 2 with downward directed threaded bossopenings 3 are attached to respective stud bolts 132.

An anchor assembly 252 is disposed in the inside corner of the L-shapedstud rail 248. The anchor assembly 252 includes a plastic support 50, ananchor rod 30 threaded to a threaded central opening in the support 50and an anchor body 134. The support 50 is also shown in FIG. 42 .

Referring to FIG. 65 , the stud rail 248 shown in FIG. 64 is modified asstud rail 254 with the addition of another L-shaped plate 256 and theuse of hex nuts 32 in place of the anchor metal plates 2. The hex nuts32 secure the plate 256 to the stud bolts 132 above the plate 250.

Referring to FIG. 66 , the stud rail 254 shown in FIG. 65 is modified asstud rail 258 where the upper plate 256 is provided with threaded bossopenings 3 in place of the hex nuts 32 for attaching to the stud bolts132. The boss sections 4 face upwardly on the plates 250 and 256.

Referring to FIG. 67 , an anchor assembly 260 is reinforced by the studrail system 206 shown in FIG. 55 . The anchor assembly 260 includes asupport 66 (shown in FIG. 16 ), an anchor rod 30 threaded to thethreaded boss opening 3 (shown in FIG. 16 ) and an anchor body 134. Theanchor assembly 260 is disposed at the center of the stud rail system206. The center portions of the lower plates 208 are supported by thebase 68 of the support 66. The support 66 advantageously elevates thestud rail system 206 above the formboard so as to be completely embeddedand sealed inside the concrete structure.

Referring to FIG. 68 , the stud rail 248 shown in FIG. 64 is modified asa geometric-shaped stud rail, such as circular stud rail 262 toreinforce the anchor assembly 252. The stud rail 262 has a plurality ofstud bolts 132 attached to a circular ring plate 264 provided withthreaded boss openings 3 with the boss section 4 extending on the topsurface of the ring plate 264. Hex nuts 32 are threaded to the upper endportions of the stud bolts 132. It should be understood that otheranchor bodies disclosed herein may be used in place of the hex nuts,such as the anchor plate 2, the anchor bodies 134, etc.

Referring to FIG. 69 , the circular ring plate 264 is discontinuous witha cut-out 266.

Referring to FIG. 70 , the circular ring plate 264 is welded at 268 toprovide a continuous circular ring plate 264.

Referring to FIG. 71 , the circular stud rail 262 shown in FIG. 68 ismodified as stud rail 270 with semi-circular plates 272 provided withthreaded boss openings 3. Anchor studs 118 are threaded to the threadedboss openings 3. The semi-circular plates 272 preferably have the sameradius so that when arranged as shown with gaps 274 will have a commoncenter. The anchor assembly 252 is disposed in the center of the plates272.

Referring to FIG. 72 , semi-circular plates 276 and 278 have overlappingend portions 280 joined together by two of the anchor studs 118. Thelower plate 276 includes the threaded boss openings 3 with the bosssections directed downwardly. The upper plate 276 has the threaded bossopenings 3 with the boss sections 4 pointing upwardly.

Referring to FIG. 73 , the stud rail 262 shown in FIG. 68 is modified asstud rail system 282. An upper circular ring plate 284 is attached tothe upper end portions of the stud bolts 132 with hex nuts 32 above andbelow the plate ring 284. The anchor body 134 is disposed within thevolume of the stud rail system 282.

Referring to FIG. 74 , the stud rail system 282 is modified as stud railsystem 286 with ring plates 288 and 290 preferably plastic for fixturingor placement of the stud bolts 132. The lower ring plate 288 includesthreaded holes for threading to the bottom end portions of the studbolts 132. The nuts 32 provide anchorage in concrete.

Referring to FIG. 75 , the stud rail system 282 shown in FIG. 73 ismodified as stud rail system 292. A center ring plate 294 is added withalternating plain openings 296 and threaded boss openings 3. Stud bolts132 between the lower ring plate 264 and the center ring plate 294 areshifted or staggered relative to the stud bolts 132 between the centerring plate 294 and the upper ring plate 284. The center ring plate 294is attached to the stud bolts 132 attached to the lower ring plate 264with nuts 32. The stud bolts 132 are attached to the lower ring plate264 using the threaded boss openings 3 in the lower ring plate 264. Studbolts between the center ring plate 294 and the upper ring plate 284 areattached to the center ring plate 294 using the threaded boss openings 3in the center ring plate 294. The upper ring plate 224 is attached tothe stud bolts 132 attached to the center ring plate 294 with nuts 32.

Referring to FIG. 76 , the stud rail system 292 shown in FIG. 75 ismodified as stud rail system 298. The center ring plate 294 is modifiedas center ring plate 300. The upper ring plate 284 is directly attachedto the lower ring plate 264 with stud bolts 132 that pass through thecenter ring plate 300 through openings 302. The center ring plate 300 isattached directly to the lower ring plate 264 with the stud bolts 132and the nuts 32. The stud bolts 132 are attached to the lower ring plate264 using the threaded boss openings 3 in the lower ring plate 264. Theanchor body 134 is disposed higher than the center ring plate 300. Theanchor body 134 is advantageously raised to enable the anchor body 134to generate a larger shear cone when subjected to a compression(downward direction) load than if the anchor body 134 were a lowerposition. A plastic lock nut 60 or any standard hex nut locks the anchorbody 134 in place.

Referring to FIG. 77 , the shear cones generated by the stud rail system298 are shown. Shear cone 302 is generated in the concrete structure bythe anchor body 134 when tension (upward direction) load is applied onthe anchor rod 30. Shear cone 304 is generated by the upper ring plate284 in reaction to the tension load on the anchor rod 30. Shear cone 306is generated by the stud rail system 298 in reaction to the shear cone304. The shear cone 304 advantageously provides reinforcement to theshear cone 302, thereby increasing the anchorage strength of the anchorbody 134.

Referring to FIG. 78 , the stud rail system 298 shown in FIG. 76 ismodified as stud rail system 307 with a lower ring plate 308 withoutthreaded boss openings. Instead, the lower ring plate 308 is providedwith openings through which the stud bolts 132. Hex nuts 32 secure thestud bolts 32 to the lower ring plate 308. The stud bolts 132 thatextend through the center ring plate 300 are attached to the center ringplate 300 with hex nuts 32. The upper ring plate 284 is attached to boththe center ring plate 300 and the lower ring plate 308. The ring plates284, 300 and 308 may be made of plastic, steel or similar materials.

Referring to FIG. 79 , the anchor body 134 shown in FIG. 78 is replacedwith a hex nut 310.

Referring to FIG. 80 , the stud rail system 298 is modified as stud railsystem 312 where center ring plate 314 and upper ring plate 316 areprovided with threaded boss openings 3 to which the stud bolts 132 areattached.

Referring to FIG. 81 , the stud rail system 292 shown in FIG. 75 ismodified as stud rail system 318. The upper ring plate 320 is smaller indiameter and thinner in thickness than the center ring plate 322. Thecenter ring plate 322 is smaller in diameter and thinner in thicknessthan the lower ring plate 324. The stud bolts 132 connecting the lowerring plate 324 to the center ring plate 322 are larger in diameter thanthe stud bolts 132 connecting the center ring plate 322 to the upperring plate 320. The lower ring plate 324 creates a larger breakout(shear) cone than if all the ring plates are of the same diameter. Alarger breakout cone means a stronger anchorage in the concretestructure.

Referring to FIG. 82 , the stud rail 2 shown in FIG. 79 is modified asstud rail system 326 for reinforcing an anchor assembly 328. A hollowcylindrical member 330 includes a side wall 331, a bottom wall 332 and atop wall 334. The bottom wall 332 and the top wall 334 include anopening 335. The cylindrical member 330 is attached to ring plate 308via the upper end portions of the stud bolts 132. Nuts 32 bear on thebottom wall 332. An anchor plate 336 secured by hex nuts 310 aredisposed inside the cylindrical member 330.

Referring to FIG. 83 , an anchor assembly 338 is reinforced by ageometric-shaped stud rail system 340. The anchor assembly 338 includesanchor rods 30 supported by support 342, which is similar to the support98 shown in FIG. 33 . The stud rail system 340 is similar to the studrail system 292 shown in FIG. 75 , except that the ring plates 264, 294and 284 are modified as rectangular ring plates 346, 348 and 350.

Referring to FIG. 84 , the stud rail system 292 shown in FIG. 75 ismodified as stud rail system 352 with square ring plates 354, 356 and358.

Referring to FIG. 85 , the stud rail system 307 shown in FIG. 78 ismodified as stud rail system 360 with square ring plates 362, 364 and366. The upper square ring plate 366 is attached to both the centersquare plate 364 and the lower square ring plate 362.

Referring to FIG. 86 , the stud rail system 298 shown in FIG. 76 ismodified as stud rail system 368 with square ring plates 370, 372 and374, which can be plastic, steel or similar materials. The upper squarering plate 374 is attached directly to the center square ring plate 372and the lower square ring plate 370. The lower square ring plate 370 isattached directly to the upper square ring plate 374. Hex nuts 32 areused to attach the stud bolts 132 to the lower square ring plate 370.

Referring to FIG. 87 , the stud rail system 318 shown in FIG. 81 ismodified as stud rail system 376 with square ring plates 378, 380 and382. The upper square ring plate 382 is smaller in periphery and thinnerin thickness than the center square ring plate 380. The center squarering plate 380 is smaller in periphery and thinner in thickness than thelower square ring plate 378. The stud bolts 132 connecting the lowersquare ring plate 378 to the center square ring plate 380 are larger indiameter than the stud bolts 132 connecting the center square ring plate380 to the upper square ring plate 382.

Referring to FIG. 88 , a hex bolt 384 is used in place of the anchor rod30, the anchor body 134, the lock nut 60 and the support 50. A bracket386 with a threaded boss opening 3 is threaded to the hex bolt 384 tosupport the hex bolt 384 inside the stud rail system 376.

Referring to FIG. 89 , a bearing plate 388 is provided with a threadedboss opening 3. The bearing plate 388 may be rectangular or square. Thebearing plate 388 includes upturned corner portions 390 toadvantageously provide the user a way to grab the bearing plate fortightening by hand. The bearing plate 388 may be used to secure a sillor bottom plate 392 to an L-shaped anchor bolt 394 embedded in concrete.Other anchor bolts may be used, such as those anchor assembliesdisclosed herein. The sill plate or base plate 392 is part of a standardstud wall.

Referring to FIG. 90 , the bearing plate 388 is modified as a circularbearing plate 396 with holes 398 for use with a tool, such as a spannerwrench, for tightening the bearing plate 396 to the sill plate 392.

Referring to FIG. 91 , a nail 400 may be driven through one of the holes398 for keeping the bearing plate 396 from rotating once installed.

Referring to FIGS. 92 and 93 , the bearing plate 396 may be installedwith the boss section 4 inside the sill plate 392. An opening 402 in thesill plate 392 tightly fits around the boss section 4 to advantageouslytransfer the shear forces from the anchor 394 to the wall of the opening402. The bearing plate 396 may be recessed into the sill plate 392 toallow a wall stud 404 to be placed directly over the bearing plate.

Referring to FIGS. 94 and 95 , the bearing plate 396 is enlarged toencompass the entire bottom end surface 408 of the wall stud 404. Acoupler 406 is attached to the anchor rod 30 which is attached to theanchor body 134. The bearing plate 396 may be recessed into the sillplate 392 or simply lay on the top surface of the sill plate 392.

Referring to FIG. 96 , the top edge 405 of the coupler 406 is flush withthe top surface 407 of the concrete structure 414. A threaded rod 410connects the coupler 406 to the bearing plate 396.

Referring to FIGS. 97, 98, 99 and 100 , a C-shaped metal channel 412 isrecessed into a concrete structure 414, such as a concrete foundation orconcrete slab. The channel 412 is attached to anchor studs 118, whichare embedded in the concrete structure. Screws 416 are used to attachthe sill plate 392 to the metal channel 412. The base wall 418 of thechannel 412 is provided with threaded boss openings 3 to which theanchor studs 118 are attached. The metal channel 412 may be filled withfoam 420 to advantageously keep the wet concrete out. Washers 422 may beused with the screws 416 to increase the bearing area of the screwheads. Screws with extra-large screw heads 424 may also be used toincrease the bearing area.

Referring to FIGS. 101 , a metal channel 426 is recessed into theconcrete structure 414 with its top edge flush with the top of theconcrete structure. The ends 428 of the metal channel 426 are bent tokeep wet concrete out of the channel during pouring of the concrete. Thesill plate 392 is partially recessed into the concrete structure. Screws416 penetrate the sill plate 392, the metal channel 426 and the concretestructure 414. Shear forces on the stud wall are transferred from thesill plate 392 through the metal channel 426 to the concrete structureinstead of solely through the anchor bolts to the concrete structure414.

Referring to FIGS. 102 and 103 , a metal channel 430 is recessed intothe concrete structure with its top edge flush with the top surface ofthe concrete structure. Caps 432, preferably made of plastic, seal theends of the metal channel 430 to keep concrete out during concrete pour.Bottom wall 434 of the channel 430 is provided with threaded bossopenings 3. Anchor rods 30 are threaded to the threaded boss openings 3and extend through the bottom plate 396, which is disposed inside themetal channel 430. The top of the bottom plate 396 is flush with the topof the concrete structure 414. Nuts 32 and washers 422 are used toattach the anchor rod to the sill plate 396.

Referring to FIGS. 104, 105 and 106 , bottom wall 434 of the metalchannel 430 is provided with couplers 406 instead of the threaded bossopenings 3. The couplers 406 are attached to the bottom wall 434 of themetal channel 430 by welding 436. The metal channel 430 is flush withthe top of the concrete structure 414. The sill or bottom plate 396 maybe two 2× or a single 4× so that part of the bottom plate 396 is abovethe concrete structure. Threaded rods 410 are attached to the couplers406 and extend through the sill plate 396. Nuts 32 with washers 422attach the rods 410 the sill plate 396.

Referring to FIG. 107 , concrete anchors 438 are shown embedded inconcrete 414. The concrete anchors are hollow metal members. The anchor438 is a U-shaped, bent meal channel with a base portion 440, side walls442 and outer edge portions 444. The base portion 440 is provided withtwo threaded boss openings 3 with the respective boss sections 4extending upwardly from the base portion 440 inside the U-shapedchannel. The threaded boss openings 3 are provided with plastic plugs446 to keep the wet concrete out. The threaded boss openings 3 may be ofdifferent diameter sizes to advantageously accommodate different sizeanchor rods 30. The outer edge portions 444 are turned 90° outwardlyrelative to the respective side walls 442. The edge portions 444advantageously provide for concrete bearing surfaces relatively deepinside the concrete structure when the anchor rod 30 is subjected totension loads. Two of the plastic plugs 446 are shown removed from therespective anchors 438 after the concrete has dried. The plug 446includes a threaded stem portion 448 and a base portion 450. The stemportion 446 is threaded into the threaded boss opening 3. The baseportion 448 has a circular shape with conical side surface 452 toadvantageously facilitate removal of the plugs 446 after the concretehas dried and the formboard removed. With the plugs 446 removed, accessto the threaded boss openings is then provided for attachment of theanchor rods 30 or any other hardware, such as bolts.

Referring to FIG. 108 , the anchor 438 is modified as anchor 454 withedge portions 456 turned 90° inwardly twice relative to the respectiveside walls 442.

Referring to FIG. 109 , the anchor 438 is attached to the formboard 230with nails 400 through respective central openings in the plastic plugs446.

Referring to FIG. 110 , screws 416 instead of the nails 400 may be usedto attach the anchor 438 or 454 to the formboard 230.

Referring to FIG. 111 , the screws 416 may be flush with the top of theplugs 446 so concrete cannot get under the screw heads.

Referring to FIG. 112 , the screw heads of the screws 416 may berecessed into the plugs 446.

Referring to FIG. 113 , the plastic plug 446 is modified as plastic plug458 with a stem portion 460 and a base portion 452. The stem portion 460is provided with only one revolution thread 462. The single revolutionthread 462 is sufficient to seal the threaded boss opening 3 from thewet concrete and weak enough to break when the formboard 230 is removedso that the plug 458 remains attached to the formboard 230 when theformboard is removed.

Referring to FIG. 114 , the plastic plug 458 is modified as plastic plug464 with a stem portion 466. The stem portion 466 includes a wallportion 468 with a plurality of V-shaped or triangular slots 470 thatextend downwardly through the base portion 446 so that the wall portion468 can collapse into the triangular slots 470 and allow the stemportion 466 to be disengaged from the threaded boss opening 3 when theformboard 230 is removed. The wall portion 468 will collapse around thescrew 416 so that the screw will remain with the plug and the formboardduring removal of the formboard 230.

Referring to FIGS. 115 and 116 , the plastic plug 446 is modified asplastic plug 472 with a central opening 474 extending down to the baseportion 450. A flange portion 476 underneath the head of the screw 416is weakened with a circumferential undercut 477 so that when theformboard 230 is removed, the screw 416 and the portion 476 remainattached to the formboard 230. The rest of the plastic plug 472 remainsattached to the threaded boss opening 3 and the anchor 438 or 454. Thebottom of the opening 474 has a thin circumferential portion 478connecting the portion 476 to the opening 474 so that when the formboard230 is removed from the concrete structure, the portion 478 breaks toallow the portion 476 and the screw 416 to remain attached to theformboard 230. Accordingly, removal of the formboard 230 and the screw416 is advantageously facilitated.

Referring to FIGS. 117 and 118 , the bottom of the base portion 450 ishollow. A breakable circumferential flange portion 480 supports the headof the screw 416 in the opening 474. The flange portion 480 issufficiently thin with a thickness so as to be breakable by the screwhead when the formboard 230 to which the screw is attached is removed.The thickness of the flange portion 480 is such that the force requiredto break the flange portion 480 with the screw head is less than theforce required to rip the screw from the formboard. The forcedifferential allows the head of the screw 416 to break through theflange portion 480 when the formboard is removed, leaving the screw 416to remain attached to the formboard 230. The plug remains attached tothe opening 3 but is removed prior to attaching the threaded rod 30.

Referring to FIG. 119 , the anchor 438 shown in FIG. 107 is modified asanchor 482 without the threaded boss openings 3. The plastic plugs 446secure hex nuts 484 and 486 to the base portion of the anchor 438 andkeep the concrete out from the threads of the hex nuts. The hex nut 440has a smaller threaded opening than the hex nut 486 to advantageouslyallow use of different diameter anchor rods. Nails 400 or screws may beused to secure the anchor 482 to the formboard 230.

Referring to FIG. 120 , the plastic plug 486 is modified as plastic plug488 with a stem portion 488 having a larger diameter cylindrical portion490 and a smaller diameter threaded portion 492. Hex nut 486 486 isattached to the cylindrical portion 490. Hex nut 484 is threaded to thethreaded portion 492. Contact surfaces 494 between the hex nuts 484 and486 advantageously seal the inside of the hex nut 486 from the concrete.Nail 400 or a screw attaches the anchor 482 to the formboard. After theformboard and the plug 488 are removed after the concrete has dried, ananchor rod of one size appropriate for the hex nut 486 or a differentanchor rod of smaller size appropriate for the hex nut 484 may be used.

Referring to FIG. 121 , the anchor 438 shown in FIG. 107 is modified asanchor 496. Threaded boss openings 3 are formed in the base portion 440.A collar 498 is formed around the openings 3 on underside of the baseportion 440. The collar 498 advantageously seals the opening 3 whenpressed against the formboard 230 during attachment of the anchor 496 tothe formboard with nails 400. A cap 500 closes the top of the opening 3inside the anchor 496 to keep the concrete from entering the opening.The cap 500 may be a tape disposed on top of the opening and adhered tothe side of the boss section 4.

Referring to FIG. 122 , the anchor 438 shown in FIG. 107 is modified asanchor 602. The base portion 440 does not have any opening. The anchor602 is attached to the formboard with nails or screws through the baseportion 440, such as shown in FIG. 121 . The interior space between theside walls 442 is filled with foam 604 to keep the concrete out. Whenthe formboard is removed, the base portion 440 becomes visible to theuser. To use the anchor 602, a sheet metal screw 606, preferablyself-tapping, is used to attach a metal strap 608 to the base portion440. The screw 606 creates its own thread in the base portion 440 andprotrudes into the foam 604. A threaded cup 610 may be attached to thebase portion 440 using the sheet metal screw 606. A hanger rod 612 isthen threaded to the cup 610.

Referring to FIG. 123 , a tubular anchor 614 is shown embedded in aconcrete structure 414. The tubular anchor 614 is a hollow metal member.Threaded boss openings 3 are provided in the wall of the anchor 614.Boss sections 4 extend into the interior of the anchor 614. Plasticplugs 446 plug the respective openings 3 to keep concrete out. Thethreaded boss openings 3 may be of different sizes to accommodatedifferent size rods. The plugs 446 are later removed after the concretehas dried to provide access to the openings 3 for attachment of anchorrods (see FIG. 107 ).

Referring to FIG. 124 , the anchor 614 is modified as anchor 616. Theboss sections 4 of the threaded boss openings 3 extend outside theanchor 616. The threaded boss openings 3 may be of different sizes toaccommodate different size rods. Holes 618 disposed diametricallyopposite the threaded boss openings 3 advantageously provide toolingclearance to facilitate in making the openings 3.

Referring to FIG. 125 , the anchor 614 shown in FIG. 123 is modified asanchor 620. A third threaded boss opening 3 is provided above the twothreaded boss openings 3. The boss section of the third threaded bossopening 3 preferably extends inside the anchor 620. An anchor stud 118is threaded to the third threaded boss opening 3. The anchor stud 118advantageously provides additional anchorage to the anchor 620 since thehead portion 120 will generate a larger shear cone when a load isattached to the lower two threaded boss openings 3.

Referring to FIG. 126 , the anchor 616 is modified as anchor 622. Athird threaded boss opening 3 is provided above the two threaded bossopenings 3. The boss section of the third threaded boss opening 3extends inside the anchor 622. An anchor stud 118 is threaded to thethird threaded boss opening 3. The anchor stud 118 advantageouslyprovides additional anchorage to the anchor 622 since the head portion120 will generate a larger shear cone when a load is attached to thelower two threaded boss openings 3.

Referring to FIG. 127 , a C-shaped anchor 622 is shown embedded in aconcrete structure 414. The anchor 622 is a hollow metal member. Theanchor 622 has a base wall 624, a vertical wall 626, a top wall 628 andvertical edge walls 630. The base wall 624 is provided with threadedboss openings 3 which may be of different diameter sizes toadvantageously accommodate different size anchor rods 30 or bolts. Thethreaded boss openings 3 are disposed inside the anchor 622, with therespective boss sections 4 extending upwardly from the base wall 624inside the anchor 622.

Referring to FIG. 128 , the anchor 622 is modified as anchor 632 withthe boss sections 4 of the threaded boss openings 3 extending outsidethe anchor 632. Slots 634 disposed opposite the threaded boss openings 3advantageously provide tooling clearance to facilitate in making theopenings 3.

Referring to FIG. 129 , an anchor 636 is disclosed embedded in aconcrete structure 414. The anchor 636 is a hollow metal member. Theanchor 636 is I-beam shaped with a lower flange 640, and upper flange642 and a web 644. Four threaded boss openings 3 are provided in thelower flange 640 with four different sizes so that four different sizeanchor rods may be used. Each of the openings 3 is plugged by arespective plastic plug 446 to keep the concrete from entering theopenings. The boss section 4 of each opening extend upwardly from thelower flange 640. After the concrete has dried and the formboardremoved, the plugs 446 are to provide access to the openings 3 forattachment of anchor rods (see FIG. 107 ). With four different sizes ofthe openings 3, the user has the option of choosing from four differentsize anchor rods to handle the expected load.

Referring to FIG. 130 , the anchor 636 is modified as anchor 648 withthe boss sections 4 of the threaded boss openings 3 extending downwardlyfrom the lower flange 640. Holes 650 disposed opposite the respectivethreaded boss openings 3 advantageously provide tooling clearance tofacilitate in making the openings 3.

Referring to FIG. 131 , an anchor 652 is disclosed embedded in aconcrete structure 414. The anchor 652 is a hollow metal member. Theanchor 652 is a double I-beam shaped with a lower flange 654, an upperflange 656 and spaced apart webs 658. The lower flange 654 is providedwith threaded boss openings 3 with the respective boss sections 4extending upwardly from the flange 654 inside the anchor 652 between thewebs 658. Plastic plugs 446 seal the openings 3 from the concrete. Theopenings 3 are of different sizes to accommodate different sizes ofanchor rods, smaller diameter rods for smaller loads and larger diameterrods for larger loads.

Referring to FIG. 132 , the anchor 652 is modified as anchor 660 withthe boss sections 4 of the threaded boss openings 3 extending downwardlyfrom the lower flange 654 outside the anchor 656. Slots 662 disposedopposite the threaded boss openings 3 advantageously provide toolingclearance to facilitate in making the openings 3.

Referring to FIG. 133 , the anchor 652 is modified as anchor 663. Theupper flange is provided with a third threaded boss opening 3 with theboss section 4 preferably disposed inside the anchor 652 between thewebs 658. An anchor stud 118 is attached to the upper flange opening 3to advantageously provide additional anchorage to the anchor 663 sincethe head portion 120 will generate a larger shear cone when a load isattached to the anchor rod 30.

Referring to FIG. 134 , the anchor 616 shown in FIG. 124 is modified asanchor 664. The anchor 664 is a hollow metal member. The anchor 664 hasa base portion 665 attached to the formboard 230 and embedded inconcrete structure 414. The ends of the anchor 664 are cut at an angleto expose the lower edge portion 670 from above to advantageouslyprovide clearance when attaching the anchor to the formboard with nails400. The upper outer edge portion 668 of the anchor is thus offset fromthe lower outer edge portion 670 to provide the necessary clearance.Holes 618 disposed diametrically opposite the threaded boss openings 3advantageously provide tooling clearance to facilitate in making theopenings 3. The anchor 664 is partially filled with foam 672 to coverthe openings 3 and prevent the concrete from entering the openings 3.The foam 668 is crushable so that a threaded rods or other fasteners,such as bolts, can extend past the threaded boss openings 3 inside theanchor 664 to insure complete thread engagement with the threaded bossopenings 3. The boss sections 4 extend outside the anchor 664 and theiroute667 r edges press tight against the formboard 230 to seal theopenings 3 from the wet concrete during installation advantageouslywithout the use of the plastic plugs 446.

Referring to FIG. 135 , a tape 674 may be used instead of the foam 672to seal the openings 3 inside the anchor 664.

Referring to FIGS. 136 and 137 , a foam tape 676 may be used to providea crushable thickness above the openings 3 so that threaded rods 30 orother fasteners, such as bolts, can extend past the threaded bossopenings 3 into the thickness of the foam tape inside the anchor 664 toinsure complete thread engagement of the fasteners with the threadedboss openings 3.

Referring to FIG. 138 , an anchor 678 is shown attached to a formboard230 with nails 400 and embedded in concrete structure 414. The anchor678 is a hollow metal member. The anchor 678 is similar to the anchor664 shown in FIG. 135 , except that the anchor 678 is a rectangular orsquare tube. Tape 674 is used to seal the openings 3 inside the anchor678. The boss sections 4 extend outside the anchor 678 and press tightagainst the formboard 230 to seal the openings 3 from the wet concreteduring installation advantageously without the use of the plastic plugs446. The ends of the anchor 678 are cut at an angle to expose the loweredge portion 679 from above to advantageously provide clearance whenattaching the anchor to the formboard with nails 400. The upper outeredge portion 681 of the anchor is thus offset from the lower outer edgeportion 679 to provide the necessary clearance.

Referring to FIG. 139 , an anchor 680 is shown in cross-section. Theanchor 680 is hollow metal member. The anchor 680 is shown attached tothe formboard 230 and embedded in concrete structure 414. The anchor 680is a rectangular tube with a base wall 682, side walls 684 and a topwall 686. The base wall 682 is provided with two threaded boss openings3, one on each end of the anchor, with their boss sections extendingupwardly inside the anchor. Two other threaded boss openings 3 areprovided with their boss sections 4 extending downwardly outside theanchor.

The upward extending openings 3 include plastic plugs 228 (see FIGS.58-61 ) with plug portions 232 plug threaded to the threaded bossopenings 3. The plug portions 232 are joined to the respective baseportions 233 by thinned portions 234 at the ends of two semi-circularslits 235. The thinned portions 234 are breakable when the formboard isseparated from the cured concrete, thereby allowing the nails to remainwith the formboard. The plug portion 232 remains attached to the anchor680. The thinned portions 234 are breakable so that the outside of theplug and the nails will stay attached to the form board when it isremoved so moisture/corrosion cannot transfer from the nails to themetal anchor.

The downwardly extending threaded boss openings 3 include plasticinserts 688 to advantageously provide space for concrete cover under thebase wall 682 of the anchor. The plastic insert 688 includes a stemportion 690 and a base portion 692. The stem portion 690 is threaded tothe respective opening 3 and includes a threaded opening 694. The baseportion 692 advantageously engages the formboard 230 to prevent wetconcrete from entering the opening 694. The tape 674 covers the openings3 inside the anchor 680 and prevent the wet concrete from entering theopenings 3. The anchor 680 is advantageously isolated frommoisture/corrosion that could be introduced when the threaded fastener(threaded rod, bolt, etc.) is attached to the threaded boss openings 3or from the atmosphere when the formboard is removed. The internalthreads in the openings 694 may be made small so that the installedfastener is forced through the threads, creating a tight fit between theinsert 688 and the fastener. The inserts 688 may be color coded forthread size.

Referring to FIG. 140 , an anchor 696 is shown supported above aformboard 230 with supports 698, preferably made of plastic. Nails 400or screws are used to secure the anchor 696 to the formboard. The anchor696 is a longitudinal metal plate provided with threaded boss openings 3with the boss sections 4 extending downwardly. The openings 3 are ofdifferent diameter sizes to advantageously accommodate different sizeanchor rods, bolts, etc. The supports have threaded end portions thatare threaded to the respective threaded holes 3 so keep the wet concretefrom entering the openings 3. The anchor 696 is advantageously elevatedabove the formboard to advantageously seal the anchor with the concreteand prevent or reduce possible corrosion. The elevation of the anchor696 also creates a larger shear cone for greater anchorage. Theformboard 230 is removed after the concrete has dried. The supports 698are removed to provide void in the concrete for access to the threadedboss openings 3 for attachment of hanger rods, bolts, fasteners, etc.for attaching a load to the anchor 696. Each of the supports include abase portion 700 and a post portion 702. The side surface 704 of thebase portion 700 and the exterior shape of the post portion 702 arepreferably conical to facilitate removal of the supports from theconcrete structure to provide access to the openings 3.

Referring to FIG. 141 , an anchor assembly 706 is shown attached to aformboard 230 and embedded in concrete structure 414. The anchorassembly 706 includes an anchor 708, shown in cross-section and issimilar to the anchor 438 shown in FIG. 107 but without the threadedboss openings 3. The anchor 708 is preferably metal, U-shaped with baseportion 440 and side walls 442. The anchor 708 is attached to theformboard 230 with nail 440. A metal washer 710 with internal andoutside threads is attached to the base portion 440 via the plastic plug446, which is threaded to the washer 710. A housing 712 is threaded tothe washer 710. The housing 712 includes a tubular portion 714 and abase or flange portion 716. The washer 710 is threaded to the bottom ofthe flange 716. The washer 710 is threaded to the stem portion 448 ofthe plug 446. The plug 446, the washer 710 and the flange portion 716effectively seal the inside of the housing 712 from the wet concrete.The tubular portion 714 includes a hexagonal side wall 717. A bolt 718is disposed inside the housing 712 and centrally over the opening 722.The bolt 718 has a hexagonal head portion 724 that fits inside thehexagonal side wall 717 so that the head portion 724 is prevented fromrotating inside the housing 712 but allows the head portion 724 to slidevertically along the hexagonal side wall. A spring 720 is disposedinside the housing 712 above the bolt 718. The spring 720 is undercompression to urge the bolt 718 against the threaded stem portion 448of the plastic plug 446.

Referring to FIG. 142 , when the formboard 230 is removed after theconcrete has dried, the plastic plug 446 is removed, causing the bolt718 under the action of the spring 720 to move through the opening 722in the base portion 440 of the anchor 708. The head portion 724 of thebolt 718 is retained by the washer 710. The plastic plug 446 leaves avoid 726 in the concrete after its removal. The bolt 718 is used toconnect a load.

Referring to FIG. 143 , a screw 416 through a central opening 726 in theplastic support 446 may be used to attach the anchor assembly 706 to theformboard 230. The screw 416 is installed before the housing is attachedto the washer 710.

Referring to FIGS. 144 and 145 , the anchor assembly 706 is modified toremove the spring 720 and shorten the housing 714. Upon removal of theplastic support 446, the bolt 718 moves through the opening 722 and thevoid 726 by gravity.

Referring to FIG. 146A, an anchor assembly 728 is shown embedded inconcrete structure 414. The anchor assembly 728 includes a metal plate730, preferably square, provided with four threaded boss openings 3 atthe four corners of the plate 730, with their boss sections 4 extendingdownwardly. Another threaded boss opening 3 is disposed in the center ofthe plate 730 with the boss section 4 extending upwardly. Stud bolts 132are attached to the four downwardly extending openings 3. Anchor bodies134 are threaded to the bottom end portions of the respective stud bolts132. Plastic plug 446 seals the central opening 3 to keep wet concretefrom entering. The top 732 of the plastic plug 446 is preferably flushwith the top of the concrete structure 414 so as for the plastic plugs446 to be accessible for removal after the concrete has dried.

Referring to FIG. 146B, the plastic plug 446 has been removed and ananchor rod 30 has been attached to the central opening 3.

Referring to FIG. 147A, the anchor assembly 728 is modified as anchorassembly 734. The metal plate 730 is modified as metal plate 736 withfour additional threaded boss openings 3 with their boss sections 4extending downwardly. Plastic plugs 446 seal the four additionalopenings 3 to keep the wet concrete from entering. The top 732 of eachof the plastic plugs 446 is preferably flush with the top of theconcrete structure 414 so as for the plastic plugs 446 to be to beaccessible for removal after the concrete has dried.

Referring to FIG. 147B, the plastic plugs 446 have been removed andanchor rods 30 have been attached to the four additional threaded bossopenings 3.

Referring to FIG. 148A, the end portion 738 of the threaded stem portion448 extends outside of the boss section 4 to further seal the openingsagainst the wet concrete. The extension into the concrete furtherprovides additional room for the anchor rods, bolts or other fastenersto extend beyond the boss sections 4 to ensure complete threadengagement of the anchor rods, bolts or other fasteners with thethreaded boss openings 3.

Referring to FIG. 148B, a column 740 is shown attached to the anchorassembly 734 with bolts threaded to the four additional threaded bossopenings 3.

Referring to FIG. 149A, the anchor assembly 728 shown in FIG. 146A ismodified as anchor assembly 744. Instead of a central threaded bossopening, an unthreaded central opening 746 is provided in the metalplate 730. The upper plastic plug 446 is threaded to a hexagonal coupler748 to attach the coupler 748 to the metal plate 730. The coupler 748has a central threaded opening 749 (see FIG. 151B). The upper plasticplug 446 has a longer stem portion 448 that extends below the metalplate 730 (see FIG. 151B) so as to connect to the coupler 748. A lowerplastic plug 446 is threaded to the bottom portion of the coupler 748 toseal the inside of the coupler 748. The top 732 of the upper plasticplug 446 is preferably flush with the top of the concrete structure 414so as for the upper plastic plug 446 to be accessible for removal afterthe concrete has dried.

Referring to FIG. 149B, the upper plastic plug 446 has been removed andan anchor rod 30 has been attached to the coupler 748.

Referring to FIG. 150A, an anchor assembly 750 is shown embedded inconcrete structure 414. The anchor assembly 750 includes a metal plate752, preferably rectangular, with threaded openings 754 one on eachcorner of the plate 752. Stud bolts 132 are attached to the openings754. The bottom ends of the stud bolts 132 are attached to a metal plate756 with four threaded boss openings 3 with their boss sections 4extending upwardly. The coupler 748 is attached to the metal plate 752with the upper plastic plug 446, which its base portion 450 recessedinto the metal plate 752. The top 758 of the metal plate 752 ispreferably flush with top of the concrete structure 414 so as for theupper plastic plug 446 to be to be accessible for removal after theconcrete has dried. The bottom end of the coupler 748 is sealed by thelower plastic plug 446.

Referring to FIG. 150B, the upper plastic plug 446 has been removed andan anchor rod 30 has been attached to the coupler 748.

Referring to FIGS. 151A and 151B, the anchor assembly 750 shown in FIG.150A is modified as anchor assembly 760. The metal plate 756 is replacedwith four individual metal plates 762 with respective threaded bossopenings 3 with their boss sections 4 extending upwardly. The upperplastic plug 446 is modified as plastic plug 764 with an extendedconical stem portion 766 to allow the plate 730 to be deeper into theconcrete structure 414 so that the plate 730 is able to contribute tothe anchor assembly's anchoring strength. The top 768 of the upperplastic plug 764 is preferably flush with the top 770 of the concretestructure 414 so as for the upper plastic plug 764 to be accessible forremoval after the concrete has dried.

Referring to FIG. 151C, the upper plastic plug 764 has been removed andan anchor rod 30 has been attached to the coupler 748.

While this invention has been described as having preferred design, itis understood that it is capable of further modification, uses and/oradaptations following in general the principle of the invention andincluding such departures from the present disclosure as come withinknown or customary practice in the art to which the invention pertains,and as may be applied to the essential features set forth, and fallwithin the scope of the invention or the limits of the appended claims.

1-48. (canceled)
 49. A stud rail for being embedded in concrete,comprising: a) a longitudinal metal base including a plurality ofopenings, the base including a top surface and bottom surface; b) eachof the openings including a wall extending from the top surface; and c)a plurality of threaded rods attached to the respective openings. 50.The stud rail as in claim 49, wherein the threaded rods includerespective head portions.
 51. The stud rail as in claim 49, wherein thewall of each of the openings extend from the top surface.
 52. The studrail as in claim 49, wherein the metal base is a plate.
 53. The studrail as in claim 49, wherein: a) the threaded rods include respectivedistal end portions; b) metal plates are attached to the respectivedistal ends; and c) each metal plate including a top surface and bottomsurface, each metal plate including a threaded opening, each openingincluding a wall extending from the top surface.
 54. The stud rail as inclaim 53, wherein: a) the threaded rods include respective distal endportions; b) metal plates are attached to the respective distal ends;and c) each metal plate including a top surface and bottom surface, eachmetal plate including a threaded opening, each opening including a wallextending from the bottom surface.
 55. The stud rail as in claim 49,wherein the threaded rods include unthreaded intermediate portions. 56.The stud rail as in claim 49, wherein the base is a saw-tooth shapedmetal plate.
 57. The stud rail as in claim 49, wherein the base isC-shaped in cross-section.
 58. The stud rail as in claim 52, and furthercomprising supports disposed on the bottom surface of the base toelevate the base above a concrete formboard.
 59. The stud rail as inclaim 58, wherein: a) the threaded rods include end portions extendingthrough the base; and b) the supports are attached to the end portions.60. The stud rail as in claim 58, wherein the supports are plastic nuts.61. The stud rail as in claim 58, wherein the supports include plugportions attached to respective openings in the base.
 62. The stud railas in claim 58, wherein the supports include plug portions screwed tothe base.
 63. The stud rail as in claim 58, wherein: a) each of thesupports includes a base portion and a stem portion extending from thebase portion; b) first semi-circular slit and second semi-circular slitare disposed on the base portion around the plug portion, the firstsemi-circular slit and the second semi-circular slit extend through athickness of the base portion; and c) breakable portions join the firstsemi-circular slit and the second semi-circular slit.
 64. A stud railassembly for being embedded in concrete, comprising: a) a longitudinalfirst metal plate including a plurality of first openings, the firstmetal plate including a first top surface and a first bottom surface; b)each of the first openings including a first wall extending from thefirst top surface or the first bottom surface; c) a plurality of firstthreaded rods attached to the respective first openings; d) alongitudinal second metal plate including a plurality of secondopenings, the second metal plate including a second top surface and asecond bottom surface; e) each of the second openings including a secondwall extending from the second top surface or the second bottom surface;f) a plurality of second threaded rods attached to the respective secondopenings; and g) the first metal plate is disposed transversely over thesecond metal at an intersection.
 65. The stud rail assembly as in claim64, and further comprising a support disposed below the intersection toelevate the first metal plate and the second metal plate above aconcrete formboard.
 66. The stud rail assembly as in claim 65, wherein:a) the support is U-shaped having a base wall and side walls extendingdownwardly from the base wall; and b) the intersection is disposed overthe base wall. 67-199. (canceled)